Hard wood strand products

ABSTRACT

A hard wood strand lumber or board product including strands of one or more eucalypts bonded together with a binder including an isocyanate resin.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

This invention relates to hardwood products and particularly but not only to strand lumber and board products formed from eucalypts.

A number of man made timber products are known including particle board (PB), medium density fibreboard (MDF), plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and oriented strand board (OSB).

Particle board lacks sufficient strength for most structural uses. Plywoods require veneer sheets from relatively high grade logs. MDF products have a number of uses but generally lack structural strength and moisture resistance. OSB and LVL products have a broad range of uses but also suffer from a relatively low resistance to moisture. Their structural strength and holding capacity for fastenings is also directional.

LVL is an adaptation of old technology from the plywood industry and is similarly reliant on old or larger diameter trees, typically 40 years old or more, and around 500 mm in diameter. This provides a relatively low conversion rate from log to LVL product.

Laminated strand lumber (LSL) is another man made timber product but is based on softwoods such as aspen and yellow poplar. These species grow relatively rapidly and this product has also found commercial use as a construction lumber.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved strand lumber or board product formed from one or more hardwoods or at least to provide an alternative to existing products.

In one aspect the invention may be said to reside in a strand lumber or board product including substantially aligned strands of one or more eucalypts species bonded together with a binder including an isocyanate or phenolic resin.

In a preferred embodiment the eucalypt species are Bluegum (E. Globulus), Karri (E. Diversicolor), Sydney Bluegum (E. Saligna), Marri (E. Calophylla) or Jarrah (E. Marginata), and the binder includes a polymeric methane di-isocyanate (PMDI) resin. The binder preferably also includes a wax such as a paraffin emulsion.

Preferably the strands have an average length of between 145 mm and 180 mm, an average width of about 10 to 25 mm, and an average thickness of between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm. Preferably at least 70% of the strands are fully aligned.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURE

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawing which schematically shows a method of forming a strand lumber product.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to the drawing it will be appreciated that the invention can be implemented in a variety of different products for a range of purposes. The process outlined here is based on the Siempelkamp ContiRoll™ system and is given by way of example only. Other processes for manufacturing strand lumber or board products may also be suitable.

As shown in the drawing, the process begins with harvested logs of the genus eucalyptus and perhaps other similar hard wood logs 10. The preferred eucalypt species are Bluegum (E. Globulus), Karri (E. Diversicolor), Sydney Bluegum (E. Saligna), Marri (E. Calophylla) or Jarrah (E. Marginata). In the case of plantation trees such as Bluegum (E. Globulus) and Sydney Bluegum (E. Saligna) the trees are preferably around 8 to 12 years old and have a diameter of around 150 to 200 mm. In the case of forest thinnings such as Karri (E. Diversicolor), Mani (E. Calophylla) or Jarrah (E. Marginata) the trees are preferably less than 30 years old and less than 400 mm diameter. Single species may be used in a particular product or multiple species may be combined.

The logs are debarked 11 before passing through a strander 12. A ring strander is typically used to cut logs of fixed or random length into strands of a specified length, width and thickness. The strands are preferably formed with a length of about 145 mm to 180 mm, a width of about 10 to 25 mm and a thickness of about 0.5 to 1.5 mm.

The strands are dried 13 to preferably less than 5% moisture and are then classified in sieves 14 according to product specifications. A bin 16 holds the dried and classified strands until required.

Waste bark or rejected strands and fines provide the fuel for a heat plant 15 that generates heat for the drier and other parts of the process. About 70% of the original logs can be used to form product. Most of the remaining 30% can be used in the heat plant.

From bin 16 the strands are conveyed on demand to a resin blender 17 in which resin and wax are added in required proportions, typically about 6 to 10% of dry matter and 2% of dry matter respectively. The mixed strand resin and wax is known as “furnish” and is held in a holding bin 18.

The preferred resin is an isocyanate binder such as polymeric methane di-isocyanate (PMDI). Phenolic or other resins might also be used but generally have less favourable properties. The preferred wax is a paraffin emulsion such as Mobilcer™ available from Mobile Australia, or similar products available from Dynea and Oest. Other additives such as pesticides, fungicides and fire retardants can be added at this point and mixed to ensure uniform distribution throughout the finished product matrix.

From bin 18, the furnish is supplied to a mat former 19 where the strands are aligned and deposited to form a mat of the required mass. A combination of alignment and mass controls the mechanical properties of the mat produced. The strands are formed in substantially aligned or unidirectional arrangement. Typically at least 70% of the strands are aligned. Some board products may require a central layer with strands aligned perpendicular to top and/or bottom layers.

The mat then passes a checking station 20 which carries out weight, moisture and metal detection. Any rejected material is conveyed either as waste to the heat plant or set aside for special processing.

Mats which pass the checking station are passed through a preheating station prior to the continuous press 21 to form billets or boards, typically around 30 to 90 mm in thickness for billets and around 8 to 30 mm thickness for boards, all up to 2.7 m wide and 15 m long. The press heats the material to above 100° C. for at least 1 minute. The billets are cooled 22 and trimmed 23 and/or sawn 24 into construction timber products.

A product formed from eucalypts using a process of this kind can be manufactured with full structural rating, and free of knots, bow, twist and wane. The density profile of the material is also substantially uniform. It may in the case of the board product be suitable for uses such as flooring, concrete formwork, decking material and in the case of lumber for structural wood products such as beams and columns, headers and lintels, joists and rafters, walls, studs and plates, and joinery products for example.

The product has been demonstrated to provide a number of advantages over most other softwood and hardwood products. It exhibits a high surface soundness, moisture resistance and shows a low swell rate in the presence of moisture. Additionally, the screw and nail holding performance is high in all planes.

Test products using Bluegum (E. Globulus) logs and Karri (E. Diversicolor), thinnings had the following characteristics:

-   1. Modulus of elasticity of around 14,000 N/mm² for Bluegum and     20,000 N/mm² for Karri. -   2. Swell of less than 2% in a standard 24 hour moisture swell test     for both products. -   3. An internal bond strength of 1.21 N/mm². -   4. High screw and nailing performance in all planes. -   5. Uniform density profile. -   6. A surface soundness of 2.42 N/mm².

These characteristics, particularly the modulus of elasticity are substantially better than those of alternative products, such as Radiata glulam, Douglas fir glulam, Hyspan LVL and MGP12 Pine, for which the moduli are around 12,500 N/mm², 13,500 N/mm², 13,500 N/mm² and 12,700 N/mm² respectively, for example.

The foregoing describes only a limited number of product embodiments and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. 

1. A hard wood strand product including strands of one or more eucalypts bonded together with a binder including an isocyanate resin.
 2. A product according to claim 1 wherein the eucalypts are selected from the species from the group consisting of Bluegum (E. Globulus), Karri (E. Diversicolor), Sydney Bluegum (E. Saligna), Marri (E. Calophylla) and Jarrah (E. Marginata).
 3. A product according to claim 1 wherein the binder is a polymeric methane di-isocyanate resin and includes a wax.
 4. A product according to claim 1 wherein the strands have an average length between 145 mm and 180 mm.
 5. A product according to claim 1 wherein the strands have an average width of about 10 to 25 mm.
 6. A product according to claim 1 wherein the strands have an average thickness between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm.
 7. A product according to claim 1 wherein at least 70% of the strands are fully aligned.
 8. A product according to claim 1 having a density of between 600 kg/m³ to 850 kg/m³.
 9. A product according to claim 1 which is a lumber or board product.
 10. A product according to claim 1 having a modulus of elasticity≧14,000 N/mm².
 11. A product according to claim 1 wherein the strands are formed from plantation trees having an age of 12 years or less.
 12. A product according to claim 1 wherein the strands are formed from plantation trees having an age between 8 years and 12 years.
 13. A product according to claim 1 wherein the strands are formed from plantation trees having a diameter between 150 mm and 200 mm.
 14. A product according to claim 1 wherein the strands are formed from forest thinnings having an age of 30 years or less.
 15. A product according to claim 1 wherein the strands are formed from forest thinnings having a diameter of 400 mm or less.
 16. A product according to claim 1 wherein the strands are substantially aligned.
 17. A product according to claim 1 wherein the product includes a plurality of layers, each layer having substantially aligned strands.
 18. A product according to claim 16 wherein the product includes a top layer and a bottom layer each having strands substantially aligned in a first direction, and a central layer having strands substantially aligned in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction.
 19. A method of manufacturing a hard wood strand product, comprising the steps of: a) forming strands from logs of eucalypts; b) adding a binder including an isocyanate resin to the strands; c) forming a mat with the strands; and, d) pressing and heating the mat using a press to form the strand product.
 20. A method according to claim 19, additionally comprising harvesting the logs from plantation trees having an age between 8 years and 12 years.
 21. A method according to claim 19, additionally comprising debarking the logs by passing the logs through a strander.
 22. A method according to claim 19, additionally comprising drying the strands to less than 5% moisture.
 23. A method according to claim 19, additionally comprising substantially aligning the strands.
 24. A method according to claim 19, additionally comprising forming the mat with a plurality of layers, each layer having substantially aligned strands.
 25. A method according to claim 24 additionally comprising forming the mat with a top layer and a bottom layer each having strands substantially aligned in a first direction, and a central layer having strands substantially aligned in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. 